Topic 10: Foreign Exchange

LO6: Understand the concept of foreign exchange

What You Need to Learn

  • Understand what exchange rates are
  • Know the difference between a strong and weak currency
  • Understand how exchange rate changes affect individuals
  • Know how currency strength affects imports, exports, and tourism
  • Recognise different world currencies

📚 Knowledge Organiser

What is an Exchange Rate?

The exchange rate is the price of one currency in terms of another. It tells you how much foreign currency you get for your money.

Example: If £1 = €1.15, then for every pound you exchange, you get 1.15 euros.

Major World Currencies

Country/Region Currency Symbol
United Kingdom Pound Sterling £ (GBP)
USA US Dollar $ (USD)
Eurozone (EU countries) Euro € (EUR)
Japan Yen ¥ (JPY)
China Yuan/Renminbi ¥ (CNY)
Switzerland Swiss Franc CHF
✓ Good news: 100% of students correctly identified that Japan's currency is the Yen!

Strong vs Weak Currency - Use SPICED!

🎯 EXAM ALERT: Only 9% of students understood weak currency effects correctly! Use the SPICED memory trick.
STRONG Pound WEAK Pound
SPICED = Strong Pound Imports Cheap, Exports Dear
Imports are CHEAPER
• Foreign goods cost less in the UK
• Good for UK consumers buying imports
• Holidays abroad are cheaper

Exports are MORE EXPENSIVE
• UK goods cost more for foreign buyers
• Bad for UK businesses selling abroad
• Fewer tourists visit the UK (expensive)
Imports are MORE EXPENSIVE
• Foreign goods cost more in the UK
• Bad for UK consumers
• Holidays abroad are more expensive

Exports are CHEAPER
• UK goods cost less for foreign buyers
• Good for UK businesses selling abroad
More tourists visit the UK (cheaper for them!)
⚠️ Common Mistake: Students thought a weak pound means higher interest rates. Actually, a weak pound means:
  • ✓ More tourists coming to the UK (it's cheaper for them)
  • ✓ UK exports become more competitive (cheaper for foreigners)
  • ✓ Imports become more expensive for UK buyers

How Exchange Rates Affect You

Situation Strong Pound (£ buys more) Weak Pound (£ buys less)
Holiday abroad Good - more spending money Bad - less spending money
Buying imported goods Good - cheaper prices Bad - higher prices
UK business exporting Bad - products expensive abroad Good - products cheaper abroad
Foreign tourists visiting UK Fewer - UK is expensive More - UK is cheap for them

Bureau de Change

A bureau de change is a place where you can exchange currencies. Be aware of:

  • Exchange rate offered - usually worse than the official rate
  • Commission fees - a charge for the service
  • Minimum exchange amounts
1

Quick Check: World Currencies

2

SPICED: Strong vs Weak Pound

Remember: Strong Pound Imports Cheap, Exports Dear

3

Card Sort: Strong vs Weak Pound Effects

Sort each effect to the correct category:

4

True or False: Exchange Rates

5

Match the Currency to the Country

6

Fill in the Blanks

7

Flip Cards: Key Terms

Click each card to reveal the definition:

8

Case Study: Karen and Wayne's Cruise

📋 Read the case study:

Karen (58) and Wayne (60) have saved for years for their dream holiday - a cruise to the Norwegian fjords. They've booked and paid for the cruise in pounds, but will need Norwegian krone for spending money during excursions and onshore trips.

They're watching the news and see that the pound is strengthening against the Norwegian krone. They're trying to understand what this means for their holiday spending.

Question 1: If the pound STRENGTHENS against the Norwegian krone, what will this mean for Karen and Wayne?

Question 2: If instead the pound WEAKENS against the krone, what happens to their spending power?

Question 3: A weak pound for the UK typically means:

📝 Practice Quiz

Test yourself with these exam-style questions:

1

Quick Check: Currencies

🌶️ The SPICED Mnemonic

🎯 EXAM ALERT: Only 9% understood weak currency effects! Use SPICED to remember:

S P I C E D

StrongPound
ImportsCheap
ExportsDear (expensive)

R
Richard's Pottery Business

"I import special clay from France. When the pound is STRONG, my imports are CHEAP - I get more euros for my pounds! But when the pound is WEAK, my clay costs more because I get fewer euros."

Strong vs Weak Pound Effects

Situation Strong Pound (£1 = more foreign currency) Weak Pound (£1 = less foreign currency)
Imports ✓ Cheaper to buy foreign goods ✗ More expensive
Exports ✗ UK goods expensive for foreigners ✓ UK goods cheaper for foreigners
UK Holidays Abroad ✓ More spending money ✗ Less spending money
Tourists Visiting UK ✗ UK expensive for them ✓ UK is a bargain!
⚠️ Common Mistake: A WEAK pound means MORE tourists visit the UK (it's cheaper for them). It does NOT mean higher interest rates!
2

Activity: Strong or Weak Pound?

🎯 Scenario: What If the Pound Weakens?

Karen and Wayne's Dilemma

"We're worried the pound might weaken before our cruise. If it drops from 13 Kroner to 11 Kroner per pound, our spending money will buy less in Norway. Should we exchange our money now while the rate is good?"
If Pound Strengthens (£1 = 14 NOK)

£500 = 7,000 NOK

MORE spending money!

If Pound Weakens (£1 = 11 NOK)

£500 = 5,500 NOK

LESS spending money!

🏦 Bureau de Change

J
Jacob Exchanges Money

"I'm going on a trip to France with uni. I went to a bureau de change to get Euros. They showed two rates - 'We Buy' and 'We Sell'. The difference between them is how they make profit. I also had to pay a commission fee on top!"

How Bureau de Change Works

Term What It Means
We Buy Rate Rate they'll pay YOU for foreign currency (lower rate)
We Sell Rate Rate YOU pay to buy foreign currency (higher rate)
Spread Difference between buy and sell rates (their profit)
Commission Fee charged on top (e.g., £3 per transaction)
💡 Shopping Around: Compare rates at different bureaux. Airport rates are usually worse. Some credit cards offer good exchange rates with no commission.
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Card Sort: Strong vs Weak Pound Effects

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True or False

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Fill in the Blanks

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Flip Cards: Key Terms

📝 Practice Quiz

📚 Summary

TopicKey Points
SPICEDStrong Pound = Imports Cheap, Exports Dear
Strong PoundGood for: imports, UK tourists abroad. Bad for: exports, foreign tourists to UK
Weak PoundGood for: exports, foreign tourists to UK. Bad for: imports, UK tourists abroad
JapanCurrency is the Yen (¥)
Bureau de ChangeBuy rate, Sell rate, Spread, Commission
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